Treatment There is currently no prevention or cure for Alzheimer’s disease. Patients may live with AD for 1 to 25 years, but the average is 8 to 10 years. Treatment consists of attempting to slow the progression of the disease, easing symptoms, managing behavioural issues, and providing the patient and carers with support and education. Early in the disease, those with AD may be able to live fairly normal lives with small amounts of assistance, such as memory aids and a structured environment. This is the time when the patient can make plans and participate in decisions about their future care.
Early diagnosis of AD may allow some people to receive moderate benefit from cholinesterase inhibitors, drugs that preserve intellectual functions by preserving the function of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter in the brain that allows nerves and parts of the brain to communicate with each other), such as galantamine ("Reminyl"), donepezil ("Aricept") and rivastigmine ("Exelon"). Whenever possible, the patient’s other drugs will be evaluated, and those that may worsen confusion, such as central nervous system depressants, antihistamines, sleeping pills, and analgesics may be stopped.
Throughout the progression of AD, antidepressants and other drugs may also be used in small quantities, along with environmental modification (making the home environment safer and more familiar), to moderate personality and behavioural issues such as depression, agitation, paranoia, and violence, and to make the patient more comfortable.
While current research into the protective and therapeutic influences of substances, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oestrogen, and antioxidants like Vitamin E, is promising, these agents cannot yet be recommended. They each carry their own associated risks and side effects. Further studies are needed to determine their actual effectiveness and long-term safety.
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